Cloning is the process of creating a “copy” of an “original” that is genetically identical to another living organism by some kind of design. The term clone is derived from κλων, the Greek word for “twig”.
Cloning an organism broadly means to create a new organism with the “same” genetic information as a cell from an existing one. The modern cloning techniques involving nuclear transfers have been successfully performed on several species.
The first animal clone was a frog cloned by Thomas J. King and Robert W. Briggs in 1952. For a complete list see: List of animals that have been cloned.
However, the success rate has been very low: Dolly the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell, was born after more then 200 failed attempts.
Dolly the sheep was originally code-named 6LL3 . She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Scotland and lived there until her death in 2003 when she was 6. The technique that was made famous by her birth is somatic cell nuclear transfer, in which a non-reproductive cell containing a nucleus is placed in a de-nucleated ovum where it develops into a fetus. Even if she was successfully cloned she had arthritis and sign of premature aging. Or a matter of enviromental factor?
Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of an existing, or previously existing human or growing cloned tissue from that individual. The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning because human clones can occurs in the form of twins during the natural process of reproduction.
Scientists want to create hybrid embryos by merging human cells with animal eggs in a bid to extract stem cells. Sharing the cells . British Regulators have agreed in principle to allow human-animal embryos to be created and used for research. The resulting “cytoplastic hybrid” embryo, or “cybrid” would be 99.9 percent human and 0.1 percent animal.
There are only around a dozen lines of cells cultivated from human embryos available to researchers in the world and the creation of a UK Bank for the cells will make access in Europe much easier. In Australia embryos are allowed to be created for research, but human-animal hybrids banned as in US where are allowed only research involving pre-existing embryos – left over from fertility treatment. Italy and Germany only allow the use of pre-existing embryos. Other countries including Austria, Norway and Tunisia do not allow embryo research at all.
Cremaster 5, From “The Cremaster Cycle” by artist Matthew Barney featuring Ursula Andress
Music by Jonathan Bepler.
However, if this new ontology of reprotechnology, merging and factor environment developed to meet the emerging belief and therefore therapeutic needs, we should also continuing to promoting a true dialogue among civilizations, laws and religions as a political instrument to deal with birth control.
